Ethernet over Coax (EoC) is a family of technologies that supports the transmission of Ethernet frames over coaxial cable.
History
The first Ethernet standard, known as 10BASE5 (ThickNet) in the family of IEEE 802.3, specified baseband operation over 50 ohm coaxial cable, which remained the principal medium into the 1980s, when 10BASE2 (ThinNet) coax replaced it in deployments in the 1980s; both being replaced in the 1990s when thinner, cheaper twisted pair cabling came to dominate the market. The use of coaxial cable for Ethernet is still supported by the standard, but rarely used because coaxial cable is more costly to purchase, install, and operate for local area networks.
Research in Ethernet transmission over coaxial cable continued, as both consumers and telecommunications operators strive to use existing 75 ohm coaxial cable installations (from cable television or CATV), to carry broadband data into and through the home, and into multiple dwelling unit (MDU) installations.
Most EoC technologies are being developed for in home or in premise networking and are expected to be operated within the domain of a single operator.
Standards
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) maintains all official Ethernet standards in the 802.x family or protocols.
Active work in Ethernet over Coax is ongoing in IEEE 1394 Trade Association (TA) developed based on the S400 standard.
IEEE 1901 (HomePlug)
HomePlug AV/HomePlug AV2 standards utilize low frequencies, strictly under FM radio (87.5 MHz). Development of this technology uses advanced modulations, 4096 QAM and higher and wider band. Qualcomm/Atheros and Spidcom are now (04/2014) two major HomePlug chip producers.
ITU-T G.hn
The ITU-T G.hn standard provides high-speed (up to 1 Gigabit/s) local area networking over existing home wires, including coaxial cable, power lines and phone lines. It defines an Application Protocol Convergence (APC) layer for encapsulation standard 802.3 Ethernet frames into G.hn MAC Service Data Units (MSDUs).
Other ITU-T standards for home networking over coaxial cable include G.9954, also known as HomePNA 3.1
SLOC
The Intersil SLOC (security link over coax) standard simultaneously transmits (one-way) analog CVBS video and 2-way Ethernet over a single coax cable.
Other standards
There are also proprietary EoC implementations using WiFi-like OFDM transmission.
CATV compatibility
EoC research is focused on the use of existing cable television (CATV) infrastructure for Internet access or broadband data transmission for the purpose of being compatible with the existing CATV (or sometimes satellite television) broadcast signals simultaneously transmitted on the same cable. The EoC technologies must operate outside the frequency domain currently used for CATV or for satellite receiver to set-top box transmissions. Most EoC technologies are designed to operate in frequency bands above 1 GHz, which is the upper bound of television signals and for systems designed to operate in North America using the SCTE 55-1 and SCTE 55-2 CATV transmission systems, as well as in most of Europe and portions of Asia. In many localities CATV systems operate only up to 550 MHz or 750 MHz, wherein some EoC technologies focus on using spectrum between 550 MHz or 750 MHz and 1 GHz. Though less costly, they could potentially conflict with future spectrum expansion up to 1 GHz. Some markets focus on using this 750 MHz to 1 GHz spectrum for EoC, specifically avoiding EoC bands above 1 GHz due to potential ingress noise from over-the-air transmissions and cellular systems.
